Awk Command to Count Total, Unique, and the Most Abundant Read in a FASTQ file

I was reading through a paper on comparative ChIP-Seq when I found this awk gem that lets you get some very basic stats very quickly on next generation sequencing reads. To use, simply cat the fastq file (or gunzip -c) and pipe that to this awk command:

cat myfile.fq | awk '((NR-2)%4==0){read=$1;total++;count[read]++}END{for(read in count){if(!max||count[read]>max) {max=count[read];maxRead=read};if(count[read]==1){unique++}};print total,unique,unique*100/total,maxRead,count[maxRead],count[maxRead]*100/total}'

The output would look something like this for some RNA-seq data downloaded from the Galaxy RNA-seq tutorial:

99115 60567 61.1078 ACCTCAGGA 354 0.357161

This is telling you:

1. The total number of reads (99,115).
2. The number of unique reads (60,567).
3. The frequency of unique reads as a proportion of the total (61%).
4. The most abundant sequence (useful for finding adapters, linkers, etc).
5. The number of times that sequence is present (354).
6. The frequency of that sequence as a proportion of the total number of reads (0.35%).

If you have a handful of fastq files in a directory and you'd like to do this for each of them, you can wrap this in a for loop in bash:

for read in `ls *.fq`; do echo -n "$read "; awk '((NR-2)%4==0){read=$1;total++;count[read]++}END{for(read in count){if(!max||count[read]>max) {max=count[read];maxRead=read};if(count[read]==1){unique++}};print total,unique,unique*100/total,maxRead,count[maxRead],count[maxRead]*100/total}' $read; done

This does the same thing, but adds an extra field at the beginning for the file name. I haven't yet figured out how to wrap this into GNU parallel, but the for loop should do the trick for multiple files.

Check out FASTQC for more extensive quality assessment.